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    • 专利摘要:
    In a rail part, in particular a rail for rail vehicles made of a low-alloy steel, the steel in the rail head of the rail part has a ferrite content of 5-15 vol .-% 1 an austenite content of 5-20 vol .-%, a martensite portion of 5-20 vol .-% and a proportion of carbide-free bainite of 55-75 vol .-% on.
    公开号:AT519669A4
    申请号:T240/2017
    申请日:2017-06-07
    公开日:2018-09-15
    发明作者:Ing Dr Christoph Kammerhofer Dipl；Ing Dr Hans Peter Brantner Dipl
    申请人:Voestalpine Schienen Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Rail vehicles made of a low-alloy steel, the steel in the rail head of the track part has a ferrite content of 5-15% by volume, an austenite component of 5-20% by volume, a martensite component of 5-20% by volume and a proportion of carbide-free bainite from 55-75% by volume.
    1000;
    βΟθΓ ' 1 .3
    'OJ 5 26S faj
    Fig. 1
    DVR 0078018
    June 7, 2017 12:30
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    No. 1177 p. 30 «· ·· ····« I * · · * ·
    I · · · · ·
    I · · · · · ··
    Summary:
    In the case of a track part, in particular a rail for rail vehicles made of a low-alloy steel, the steel in the rail head of the track part has a ferrite content of 5-15% by volume, an austenite component of 5-20% by volume and a martensite component of 5-20 Vol .-% and a proportion of carbide-free bainits of 55-75 vol .-%.
    Fig. 1
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    The invention relates to a track part, in particular a rail for rail vehicles made of a low-alloy steel.
    The invention further relates to a method for producing a track part from a hot-rolled profile.
    In recent times, the weight of the transported loads in rail traffic and the driving speed have been steadily increasing in order to increase the efficiency of rail transport. Railway tracks are therefore subject to difficult operating conditions and must therefore be of a higher quality in order to withstand the higher loads. Concrete problems can be seen in a sharp increase in abrasion, in particular of the rails mounted in arches, and by the occurrence of material fatigue damage, which develops primarily at the driving edge, which is the main point of contact of the rail with the wheels in the arch. This leads to rolling contact fatigue damage (RCF - rolling-contact fatigue). Examples of RCF surface damage are e.g. Headchecks (unrolling fatigue), spalling (flaking), squats (plastic surface deformations), slip waves and corrugations. This damage to the surface leads to a shortened rail service life, increased noise emissions and operational disabilities. The increased occurrence of errors is also accelerated by the steadily increasing traffic loads. The immediate consequence of this development is an increased maintenance requirement for the rails. However, the increasing need for maintenance contradicts the increasingly smaller maintenance windows. Higher train densities reduce the
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    Periods in which rails can be machined, more and more.
    Although the damage mentioned can be remedied in the early stages by grinding, the splint must be replaced if it is severely damaged. In operation, arches with a radius of 500m or more, i.e. where wear already begins to play a minor role, occur in the driving edge area of the outer rail in the form of head checks. High local surface pressures in combination with local slippage in wheel-rail contact, due to differences in rolling radii, lead to a shear stress on the surface of the rail material that occurs with every rollover. This leads to crack initiation and, subsequently, crack growth along the orientation of the cold-formed layer, as can be observed on longitudinal cuts on the rails affected. Crack growth occurs almost parallel to the surface in the first stage and then runs continuously into the interior of the rail. If the cracks reach a critical length, sudden failure can occur and, due to the periodicity of the cracks, pieces of rail may break out.
    The wear rate that occurs parallel to the crack growth is always lower in both classic full pearlite and bainitic rail grades, so that crack growth actually outweighs.
    There has been no shortage of attempts in the past to improve both wear resistance and resistance to RCF damage in order to increase the life cycle of the rails. This was done, among other things.
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    through the introduction and use of bainitic rail steels.
    Bainite is a structure that can arise during the heat treatment of carbon steel through isothermal transformation or continuous cooling. Bainite forms at temperatures and cooling rates that lie between those for pearlite or martensite formation. In contrast to the formation of martensite, flip-over processes in the crystal lattice and diffusion processes are coupled, which enables various conversion mechanisms. Due to the dependence on
    Cooling rate, - carbon content,
    Alloy elements and the resulting formation temperature, the bainite has no characteristic structure. Bainite, like pearlite, consists of the phases ferrite and cementite (Fe3C), but differs from pearlite in shape, size and distribution. Basically, bainite is divided into two main structural forms, the upper bainite and the lower bainite.
    From WO 2014/040093 A1, a method for producing a track part and a rail steel is known which aims to improve wear resistance, in particular to avoid head checks (unrolling fatigue) and for this purpose via a structure on the rail head with a multi-phase bainite structure with a ferrite content of 5-15%. With arches with a radius of 500m or more, the above-mentioned phenomena still occur.
    The invention therefore aims to provide a track part, in particular a rail, for reasons of cost
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    June 7th, 2017 12:22 pm Haffner & Keschmann • A and for reasons of welding technology should consist of a low-alloy steel to improve the fact that crack formation is made more difficult on the one hand and the initial crack growth on the one hand, on the other hand with increased wheel loads and larger arches runs significantly slower and on the other hand the crack path does not take place inside the rail. Finally, the track part should be easy to weld and other similar material properties such as Steels that have been tried and tested in rail construction have a similar electrical conductivity and a similar coefficient of thermal expansion.
    To achieve this object, the invention provides according to a first aspect, a track part of the type mentioned, which is further developed such that the steel in the
    Rail head of the track part has a ferrite content of 5-15% by volume, an austenite content of 5-20% by volume, a martensite component of 5-20% by volume and a carbide-free bainite content of 55-75% by volume.
    Carbide-free bainite consists of ferrite needles with a high dislocation density without carbide deposits. The austenitic phase components in the contact-affected zone are subject to a different deformation mechanism than with conventional carbide-containing rails. There is a deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation, the TRIP effect (Transformation Induced Plasticity), and subsequently a simultaneous increase in hardness and formability under plastic stress. The increase in hardness, synonymous with increased resistance to deformation, has an effect on the surrounding carbide-free bainite in areas close to the surface in such a way that its shear
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    June 7, 2017 12:22 Haffner & Keschmann No. 1177 p. 9
    - Directly on the surface of the rail head, martensitic areas are mostly subject to abrasive wear. Crack formation and initial crack growth are made significantly more difficult or slowed down by the increased fracture toughness, so that in combination with the naturally occurring wear and tear there is in fact no crack growth. The track part is therefore only exposed to wear, so that its service life can be precisely determined and no further observation due to crack formation is necessary.
    A particularly good crack resistance is achieved when the proportion of carbide-free bainite is 60-70% by volume.
    The ferrite content is preferably 8-13 vol.%.
    Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the bainite forms a matrix in which austenite, martensite and ferrite are preferably distributed homogeneously. Austenite and martensite are preferably at least partially in island form, either polygonal or globular with an average size of several pm, in particular in the range 1-10 pm. Austenite is also preferably partially in film form with a thickness of less than 1 pm and a length of several pm, martensite is especially partially present as pure martensite in a very low or hardly tempered morphology, so that hardly any
    Carbide deposits from the martensite deposit. The size of the individual martensitic areas is approximately 5 pm. Ferrite exists partly as grain boundary ferrite and partly as polygonal ferrite. Furthermore, the unintended grain boundary pearlite occurs primarily in the interior of the rail head because there is something there
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    lower cooling rate than is possible in the peripheral zone comprising several millimeters.
    As already mentioned, low-alloy steels are used according to the invention in order to minimize costs and improve the weldability. In general, the low-alloy steel in the context of the invention preferably contains carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and, if appropriate, vanadium, phosphorus, sulfur, boron, titanium, aluminum and / or nitrogen with the rest iron as alloy components.
    The primary goal of the alloyed elements is to establish a carbide-free bainitic structure despite an average carbon content of around 0.3%. This is achieved by consciously alloying silicon, which is subsequently present in the mixed crystal. The main characteristic of silicon is that its solubility in the cementite phase is very low. The consequence of this is that, with a homogeneous silicon distribution, the formation of cementite is greatly inhibited or delayed. Instead, carbon redistribution occurs in those temperature ranges where cementite formation normally occurs. The reason for this is that the ferritic phase can dissolve significantly less carbon than the austenitic high-temperature phase. Thus, on the ferrite-austenite reaction front, carbon is transported into the as yet unconverted austenite, which accumulates in carbon and is increasingly thermally stabilized. The carbon enrichment in the austenite stops when its maximum solubility is reached.
    This is described graphically by the so-called TO 'curve, which depends on the temperature
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    describes the maximum carbon content in austenite. When the maximum content is reached, the reaction stops, i.e. there is no further formation of bainite from the carbon-enriched austenite. Upon further cooling, the non-thermally stable austenite areas will fold over into more or less high-carbon martensite and, if necessary, start themselves.
    It is preferably provided that no alloy component is present in a proportion greater than 1.8% by weight.
    It is preferably provided that silicon is present in a proportion of less than 1.2% by weight. As already mentioned, silicon is added to prevent the formation of cementite. The silicon-carbon ratio is of particular importance here, since cementite formation can sometimes occur if the Si content is too low. On the one hand, carbides per se are undesirable in the desired multi-phase structure, on the other hand, less carbon is available for the austenite stabilization due to the carbide formation, which subsequently facilitates the formation of martensite. This is also undesirable. In the prior art, a minimum content of 1.5% by weight of silicon is stated in order to prevent the formation of cementite with an average carbon content of 0.3% by weight. In a preferred embodiment, however, the silicon content is limited to 1.20% by weight, since silicon can greatly increase the electrical resistance and this can result in problems with current feedback in the track.
    Furthermore, it is preferably provided that carbon is present in a proportion of less than 0.6% by weight, preferably less than 0.35% by weight. Carbon is the element that
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    Haffner & Keschmann. ·· »· • ·» · · • · · • · · ·· ·· ····
    Martensite start temperature most affected. An increasing carbon content leads to a lowering of the martensite starting temperature. The martensite start temperature should not be much higher than 320 ° C in order to avoid the occurrence of large amounts of martensite in the course of the heat treatment or further cooling on the cooling bed. The advantage of a lower carbon content is that the austenite can absorb more carbon and the bainite formation can take place to a greater extent. Furthermore, the risk of undesired cementite formation is lower.
    Manganese is mainly alloyed to counteract the formation of ferrite and pearlite during the heat treatment and to adjust predominantly carbide-free bainite by increasing the hardenability. Manganese is also an austenite stabilizer and lowers the martensite starting temperature in addition to carbon. It is also known from the literature that with increasing manganese content, the TO curve shifts towards lower carbon contents, which counteracts the continuous formation of carbide-free bainite. For this reason, the maximum Mn content is limited to 1.8%, but is preferably significantly lower for the reasons mentioned above.
    Like manganese, chromium also increases hardenability, but has a stronger effect than manganese. Chromium also leads to mixed crystal hardening, which is used deliberately. In order to prevent the occurrence of chromium carbides on the one hand and to facilitate weldability on the other hand, relatively low chromium contents are aimed for.
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    «·
    Vanadium is a microalloying element that increases hardness without reducing toughness. In addition to hardening mixed crystals, the finest particles are precipitated, which increases the hardness.
    Like manganese and chrome, molybdenum increases it
    Curability. The peculiarity of molybdenum lies in the fact that the diffusion-controlled transformation products, i.e. ferrite and pearlite, are shifted towards longer transformation times, which is attributed in the literature to the “soluterag effect”. This means that the bainite area can be controlled directly even with continuous cooling. Even relatively low molybdenum contents of a few 1/10% are sufficient for this effect. By contrast, molybdenum has a negative effect on the segregation behavior, so that the segregated areas are significantly enriched in molybdenum and subsequently have a martensitic structure. The weldability is also made significantly more difficult by molybdenum. For these two reasons the molybdenum content is kept as low as possible in order to be combined with the
    Heat treatment to set a predominantly carbide-free structure.
    The element boron has the same effect as molybdenum, namely the striking time delay in the formation of ferrite and pearlite. Its effect is based on the fact that the atomic boron is hardly soluble in austenite and is therefore predominantly located at the grain boundaries, making the nucleation of ferrite or pearlite very difficult. A few ppm of boron are sufficient for this effect, about 30 ppm are sufficient for one
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    time delay of ferrite formation by a factor of 10. However, if boron nitrides or boron carbonitrides are formed, this positive effect is lost. For this reason, titanium is additionally alloyed to the steel, since the affinity for nitrogen is significantly higher with titanium than with boron and titanium carbonitrides are thus excreted. In order to prevent the occurrence of boron precipitates with certainty, the ratio of titanium to nitrogen, which always occurs in the melt with about 50 ~ 100ppm, must be at least 4: 1, so that all nitrogen is bound. A problem that arises from this is the excretion of possibly coarse titanium carbonitrides, which can have a negative effect on the toughness or fatigue properties.
    A low-alloy steel with the following directional analysis is preferably used:
    0.2-0.6 wt% C
    0.9-1.2 wt% Si
    1.2-1.8 wt% Mn
    0.15-0.8 wt% Cr
    0.01 - 0.15% by weight of Mo, and possibly
    - 0.25% by weight V, in particular 0.01 - 0.25% by weight V 0 - 0.016% by weight P, in particular 0.01 - 0.016% by weight P 0 - 0.016% by weight S, in particular 0.01-0.016% by weight S balance: iron
    Particularly good results could be achieved with a low-alloy steel using the following directional analysis:
    0.28-0.32 wt% C 0.98-1.03 wt% Si
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    June 7, 2017 12:25 Haffner & Keschmann ·· ·· ···· ·· ·· • · · · · · · • · · · · · · • ·· · ·· ··
    1.7-1.8 wt% Mn
    0.28-0.32 wt% Cr
    0.08 - 0.13% by weight of Mo, and possibly
    - 0.25% by weight v, in particular 0.01 - 0.25% by weight V 0 - 0.016% by weight P, in particular 0.01 - 0.016% by weight P 0 - 0.016% by weight S, in particular 0.01-0.016% by weight S balance: iron
    A low-alloy steel with the following directional analysis is also preferably used:
    0, 44 - 0.52% by weight C 1, 05 - 1.17% by weight Si 1.4 - 1.7 wt% Mn 0.36 - 0.80% by weight Cr 0.01 - 0.08% by weight Mon, as well as 0-0 , 25% by weight of V, especially 0.01
    - 0.016% by weight of P, in particular 0.01-0.016% by weight of P 0-0.016% by weight of S, in particular 0.01-0.016% by weight of S Rest: iron
    A particularly good suitability for highly stressed
    Route sections are preferably given when the track part has a tensile strength R m of 1150-1400 N / mm 2 in the head region. Furthermore, the track part in the head region preferably has a hardness of 320-380 HB.
    According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method for producing the above-described track part, in which the track part is produced from a hot-rolled profile, the
    Rail head of the rolled profile is subjected to a controlled cooling with the rolling heat immediately after leaving the rolling stand, the
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    June 7, 2017 12:25 Haffner & Keschmann No. 1177 8. 16 controlled cooling in a first step a cooling in ambient air until a first temperature of 780-830'C is reached, in a second step an accelerated cooling to a second temperature of 450 -520'C, in a third step maintaining the second temperature, in a fourth step further accelerated cooling until a third temperature of 420-470 ° C is reached, in a fifth step maintaining the third temperature and in a sixth step cooling in ambient air to room temperature. The controlled cooling preferably takes place, as is known per se, by immersing at least the rail head in a liquid cooling medium. Due to the accelerated cooling in the liquid cooling medium, the desired temperature ranges can be controlled in a targeted manner and in a short time without passing through undesired phase areas.
    It is preferably provided that the accelerated cooling takes place in the second step at a cooling rate of 2-5 ° C / sec.
    It is preferably provided that the track part is completely immersed in the cooling medium during the second step.
    The holding step between 450 ° C-520 ' , C (third step) is primarily intended to equalize the temperature between those in contact with the cooling medium
    Bring the surface of the rail head and the inside of the rail head in order to keep the rewarming to a minimum during the second holding step (fifth step). Furthermore, this temperature range for the steel with the above chemical composition is as follows
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    No. 1177 p. 17 • · · · ···· · ·
    · .. ······· I • · ·· ·· · · · · · ·
    Special feature: The cooling rate (and thus the time until the temperature range is reached) and the dwell time in this temperature range can be influenced to what extent ferrite formation or not. Under certain circumstances, grain boundary pearlite can also form in this temperature range. In order to achieve the above-mentioned effects, it is preferably provided that the third step extends over a period of 10-300 sec, preferably 30-60 sec.
    It is preferably provided that the accelerated cooling takes place in the fourth step at a cooling rate of 2-5 ° C / sec.
    It is preferably provided that the track part is immersed in the cooling medium only with the rail head during the fourth step.
    The second holding step between 420 ° C and 470 ° C (fifth step) is used to form the carbide-free bainite with simultaneous carbon redistribution into the surrounding austenite. In this temperature range, the austenite is predominantly an island type, less the film type. The intensity of the carbon redistribution in this area determines how much the austenite can accumulate in carbon and remains metastable as austenite or martensitically converted during further cooling. For the microstructure setting, it is also of particular importance that the accelerated cooling (fourth step) does not fall below a temperature of 400 ° C, otherwise the lower bainite stage, accompanied by fine cementite precipitates, is formed. To achieve these effects is preferred
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    No. 1177 p. 18 • · · · · · · «• ·· * ·· ·· provided that the third step extends over a period of 50-600 sec, preferably 100-270 sec.
    The setting of the two holding steps (third and fifth step) can e.g. cooling down to the lower limit of the temperature range followed by reheating.
    It is preferably provided that the track part is held in a position removed from the cooling medium during the third and / or fifth step.
    Since the temperature range of the two breakpoints depends on the alloying elements of the respective steel and their proportions, the value of the first temperature and the value of the second temperature must be determined in advance for the respective steel. The temperature of the rail is then continuously measured during the controlled cooling, the cooling and holding sections being started or ended when the respective temperature thresholds are reached. Since the surface temperature of the rail can vary over the entire length of the track section, but cooling is carried out uniformly for the entire track section, the procedure is preferably that the temperature is recorded at a plurality of measuring points distributed over the length of the track section and an average temperature is formed which is used to control the controlled cooling.
    During the controlled cooling by means of the liquid cooling medium, the cooling medium goes through three phases of the quenching process. In the first phase, the vapor film phase, the temperature at the surface of the
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    No. 1177 p. 19 • · · ··· ·· • · · · · · · • · · · · · · ·
    Rail head so high that the cooling medium evaporates quickly and a thin insulating vapor film forms (Leidenfrost effect). This vapor phase is among others very much from the heat of vapor formation of the cooling medium, the surface condition of the track part, e.g. Tinder, or depending on the chemical composition and design of the cooling basin. In the second phase, the cooking phase, the cooling medium comes into direct contact with the hot surface of the rail head and comes to a boil immediately, resulting in a high cooling rate. The third phase, the convection phase, begins when the surface temperature of the track section has dropped to the boiling point of the cooling medium. In this area, the cooling rate is essentially influenced by the flow rate of the cooling medium.
    The transition from the vapor film phase to the cooking phase is usually relatively uncontrolled and spontaneous.
    Since the rail temperature over the entire length of the track part certain production-related
    Subject to temperature fluctuations, there is the problem that the transition from the steam film phase to the cooking phase takes place in different lengths of the track part at different times. This would result in a non-uniform over the length of the track part
    Microstructure formation and consequently lead to uneven material properties. In order to standardize the time of the transition from the steam phase to the cooking phase over the entire length of the rail, a preferred procedure provides that a film-breaking, gaseous pressure medium, such as e.g. Nitrogen, along the entire length of the track section, is brought up to the steam film
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    1177 p. 20 along the entire length of the track section and initiate the cooking phase.
    In particular, the procedure can be such that the condition of the cooling medium is monitored during the second and / or fourth step along the entire length of the track part and the film-breaking, gaseous pressure medium is brought up to the rail head as soon as the first occurrence of the cooking phase occurs in a partial area of the track length is detected.
    The film-breaking, gaseous pressure medium is preferably brought to the rail head approximately 20-100 sec, in particular approximately 50 sec after the start of the second and / or fourth step.
    The invention is based on
    Exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.
    example 1
    In a first exemplary embodiment, a low-alloy steel was formed into a travel rail with a control rail profile using the following directional analysis using hot rolling:
    0.3% by weight C 1.0% by weight Si 1.74% by weight Mn 0.31% by weight Cr 0.1% by weight Mo 0.014% by weight S 0.014% by weight % P
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    Haff ne r & Keschmann ···· ··· · ® ··· «· · · · • · · · ·« · ·
    20ppm Al 70ppm N
    Boron and titanium were not added. Remainder Fe and unintended accompanying elements.
    Immediately after leaving the rolling stand, the rail was subjected to controlled cooling with the rolling heat. The controlled cooling is explained below using the time-temperature conversion diagram shown in FIG. 1, the line denoted by 1 representing the cooling process. In a first step, the rail is cooled to a temperature of 810 ° C in ambient air. In a second step, the rail is immersed in the liquid cooling medium over its entire length and with its entire cross section, and a cooling rate of 4 ° C./sec has been set. After approx. 85 sec, the rail was removed from the cooling bath and an initial surface temperature of the rail head of 470 ° C. was measured, point 2 being reached. The rail was held in a position removed from the cooling medium for a period of about 45 seconds. A reheating to a temperature of 500 ° C can occur within the first 5 seconds. When point 3 was reached, the rail was immersed in the cooling bath again and cooled to 440 ° C. (point 4) at a cooling rate of 4 ° C./sec. This temperature was held for 100 seconds. When point 5 was reached, the rail was cooled to ambient temperature in ambient air.
    The following structure was achieved in the rail head by the controlled cooling described above:
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    7.June 2017 12:27 Haffner & Keschmann • · · · · · · 4 • · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · • ·· · · · · · · • · · · · · · · ·
    60-70% by volume carbide-free bainite, 8-13% by volume ferrite,
    11-18 vol .-% austenite,
    5-15 vol% martensite.
    The microstructure is shown in Fig. 2. The following material properties were measured:
    0.2% proof stress: 750 MPa + 10 MPa
    Tensile strength: 1130 MPa ± 10 MPa
    Elongation at break: 17% ± 1%
    Surface hardness: 330 HB ± 5 HB
    Fracture toughness Ki c on the standard sample at room temperature: 58 MPa '/ m ± 3 MPa ^ / m
    Example 2
    In a second exemplary embodiment, a low-alloy steel was formed into a travel rail with a control rail profile using the following directional analysis using hot rolling:
    0.5 wt% C 1.1 wt% Si
    1.5% by weight Mn 0.7% by weight Cr 0.01% by weight Mo 0.20% by weight V 0.014% by weight S 0.014% by weight P 20ppm Al 70ppm N
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    Remainder Fe and unintended accompanying elements.
    The heat treatment was carried out as in Example 1.
    In order to increase the wear resistance compared to example 1 (0.3 wt.
    C).
    The advantage that a higher carbon content brings is that an increased accumulation can take place both in austenite and in martensite and thus strengthens these two structural components, which has a very positive effect on wear resistance. Due to the heat treatment (accelerated cooling), due to the higher carbon content, the higher tendency to form rerlites is mitigated - that is, the area where pearlite formation takes place is passed very quickly, so that no pronounced amounts of pearlite on the rail head surface (up to 10mm depth) can be eliminated. This means that the structure continues from the previously mentioned
    Structural components exist.
    The following material properties were measured:
    0.2% proof stress: 900 MPa ± 10 MPa
    Tensile strength: 1320 MPa ± 10 MPa
    Elongation at break: 13% ± 1%
    Surface hardness: 380 HB ± 5 HB
    Fracture toughness Κ ϊς on the standard sample at room temperature: 53 MPa'Vm ± 3 MPaVm
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    No. 1177 p. 24 ·· ·· ···· ·· ···· • · · · ··· ·· ···· · · · · • ·· · · · ·· * ♦ · · · · · «· ·· ·· · · ·· · · ·
    claims:
    权利要求:
    Claims (29)
    [1]
    1. Track part, in particular rail for rail vehicles made of a low-alloy steel, characterized in that the steel in the rail head of the track part has a ferrite content of 5-15% by volume, an austenite component of 5-20% by volume, a martensite component of 5- Has 20 vol .-% and a carbide-free bainite content of 55-75 vol .-%.
    [2]
    2. Track part according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of carbide-free bainite is 60-70 vol .-%.
    [3]
    3. Track part according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ferrite part is 8-13 vol .-%.
    [4]
    4. Track part according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the bainite forms a matrix in which austenite, martensite and ferrite are preferably homogeneously distributed.
    [5]
    5. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the austenite part and the martensite part is at least partially in island form.
    [6]
    6. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the low-alloy steel · carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and optionally vanadium, phosphorus, sulfur, boron, titanium, aluminum and / or nitrogen as alloy components and the rest Contains iron.
    P.024 / 032
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    [7]
    June 7, 2017 12:28
    Haffner & Keschmann
    No. 1177 p. 25 • ·· · · · · · · · ···· · · · · · • · · · ···· »• ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · 4» · · ·· · · · ·
    7. Track part according to claim 6, characterized in that no alloy component in a proportion greater than 1.8% by weight is available.
    [8]
    8. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that silicon in a proportion of less
    1.2% by weight is present.
    [9]
    9. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that carbon is present in a proportion of less than 0.6% by weight, preferably less than 0.35% by weight.
    [10]
    10. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a low-alloy steel is used with the following directional analysis;
    0.2 - - 0.6 Wt .-% C 0.9 - - 1.2 Wt .-% Si 1.2 - - 1.8 Wt .-% Mn
    0.15-0.8 wt% Cr
    0.01 - 0.15% by weight of Mo, and possibly
    0-0.25% by weight V, in particular 0.01-0.25% by weight V 0-0.016% by weight P, in particular 0.01-0.016% by weight, P 0-0.016% by weight. % S, in particular 0.01-0.016% by weight,% S balance: iron
    [11]
    11. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a low-alloy steel is used with the following directional analysis:
    0.28-0.32 wt% C
    0.98 - 1.03 wt% Si
    1.7-1.8 wt% Mn
    0.28-0.32 wt% Cr
    0.08 - 0.13% by weight of Mo, and possibly
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    June 7, 2017 12:29 Haffner & Keschmann No. 1177 p. 26 ·· ·· ···· ·· ···· · • · · · · · · · · · ········ · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · ···
    0 - 0.25% by weight V, in particular 0.01 - 0.25% by weight V 0 - 0.016% by weight p, in particular 0.01 - 0.016% by weight P 0 - 0.016% by weight % S, in particular 0.01-0.016% by weight S balance: iron
    [12]
    12. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a low-alloy steel is used with the following directional analysis:
    0.44-0.52 gw% C
    1.05 - 1.17 wt% Si
    1.4-1.7 wt.% Mn
    0.36-0.80 wt% Cr
    0.01 - 0.08% by weight of Mo, and possibly
    0 - 0.25% by weight v, in particular 0.01 - 0.25% by weight V 0 - 0.016% by weight P, in particular 0.01 - 0.016% by weight P 0 - 0.016% by weight % S, in particular 0.01-0.016% by weight S balance: iron
    [13]
    13. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the track part has a tensile strength Rm of 1050-1400 N / mm 2 in the head region.
    [14]
    14. Track part according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the track part has a hardness of 320-400 HB in the head region.
    [15]
    15. A method for producing a track part according to one of claims 1 to 14 from a hot-rolled profile, characterized in that the rail head of the rolled profile is subjected to controlled cooling with the rolling heat immediately after leaving the rolling stand, the controlled cooling in a first Step cooling in ambient air until a first is reached
    P.026 / 032
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    No. 1177 p. 27
    June 7, 2017 12:29 PM Haffner & Keschmann • · · · • · · · · · · · • · · e · · · ·
    Temperature of 780-830 ° C, in a second step accelerated cooling to a second temperature of 450520'C, in a third step maintaining the second temperature, in a fourth step further accelerated cooling until a third temperature of 420 is reached -470 ° C, in a fifth step that maintaining the third temperature and in a sixth step includes cooling in ambient air to room temperature.
    [16]
    16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the accelerated cooling takes place in the second step at a cooling rate of 2-5 ° C / sec.
    [17]
    17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the third step extends over a duration of 10-300 sec, preferably 30-60 sec.
    [18]
    18. The method according to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that the accelerated cooling takes place in the fourth step at a cooling rate of 2-5 ° C / sec.
    [19]
    19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the fifth step extends over a period of 50-600 sec, preferably 100-270 sec.
    [20]
    20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that reheating takes place during the third and / or the fifth step.
    [21]
    21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the temperature at a plurality of measuring points distributed over the length of the track part
    07/06/2017 12:38
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    Haffner & Keschmann
    No. 1177 8.28 is recorded and an average temperature is formed which is used to control the controlled cooling.
    [22]
    22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the controlled cooling takes place by immersing at least the rail head in a liquid cooling medium.
    [23]
    23. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that the cooling is controlled during the second or fourth step so that the cooling medium first forms a vapor film on the surface of the rail head and then boils on the surface.
    [24]
    24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that during the second and / or fourth step a film-breaking, gaseous pressure medium, such as e.g.
    Nitrogen, is brought up to the rail head along the entire length of the track part in order to break the steam film along the entire length of the track part and to initiate the cooking phase.
    [25]
    25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the state of the cooling medium is monitored during the second and / or fourth step along the entire length of the track part and the film-breaking, gaseous pressure medium is brought up to the rail head as soon as in a portion of the track part length first appearance of the cooking phase is determined.
    [26]
    26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the film-breaking, gaseous pressure medium after about 20-100 sec, in particular about 50 sec
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    June 7, 2017 12:30 pm Haffner & Keschmann No. 1177 S, 29 ·· ·· ···· ·· ···· · • · · · ·· «··· • · · · ··· · · ·· ·· · · «· ·
    Beginning of the second and / or fourth step is brought up to the rail head.
    [27]
    27. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 26, characterized in that the track part is completely immersed in the cooling medium during the second step.
    [28]
    28. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 27, characterized in that the track part is held in a position removed from the cooling medium during the third and / or fifth step.
    [29]
    29. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 28, characterized in that the track part is immersed in the cooling medium only with the rail head during the fourth step.
    Vienna, June 7, 2017 Applicant by:
    Haffner and Keschmann Patentanwälte / GmbH
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    No. 1177 p. 31
    1000 η
    900
    800
    700
    600
    500
    400
    300
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    法律状态:
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    ATA240/2017A|AT519669B1|2017-06-07|2017-06-07|Rail part and method for producing a rail part|ATA240/2017A| AT519669B1|2017-06-07|2017-06-07|Rail part and method for producing a rail part|
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    ZA2019/06768A| ZA201906768B|2017-06-07|2019-10-14|Track part and method for producing a track part|
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